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| Electrolytic Aluminum Bus bar |
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Posted by: haomeialu - 02-06-2018, 06:33 AM - Forum: Knowledge & Technique
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Aluminum has less than one-third the density of copper and, making allowance for conductivity, an aluminum bus bar will weigh about half as much as copper for equal conductance.For large installations requiring millions of pounds of metal, bus system designers have used the low cost of aluminum as the basis for optimum economic current density.
1000 series Al is a commercial high-purity aluminum with 61 percent conductivity. The tensile strength of each 1350 temper is determined by the amount of work given the metal during fabrication.
High electrical conductivity alloys are the best choice for heavy duty buses for the electrochemical industry where cost of power is an important consideration. For outdoor high voltage substation buses, mechanical considerations rather than electrical, govern the selection. Where bending and forming characteristics are important, it is desirable to have a generous spread between yield strength and tensile strength.
Aluminum bus conductors can be formed by the same procedures and practices that are used for other metals.
The most important factors governing the bending of bus conductors are:
(I) the ductility of the conductor
(2) the size and shape of the conductor
(3) the method of bending,and
(4) the bending equipment used.
A metal must be ductile enough to permit both stretching and compression to take place. However, elongation alone is not a complete criterion for ductility. The ratio of yield strength to tensile strength must also be taken into account.A combination of a high elongation value and a low ratio of yield strength to tensile strength provides the most satisfactory ductility.Another factor that governs bending is the size and shape of the bus conductor. For example, in the case of a tube, the sharpness of a bend depends not only on the diameter of the tube, but also on the ratio of wall thickness to diameter.
Resistance to Corrosion Aluminum bus is highly resistant to corrosion. Its uses are, therefore, particularly widespread in applications where strong atmospheric corrosive factors are at work, as in industrial and chemical plants and seacoast environments.
Aluminum has less than one-third the density of copper and, making allowance for conductivity, an aluminum bus bar will weigh about half as much as copper for equal conductance.For large installations requiring millions of pounds of metal, bus system designers have used the low cost of aluminum as the basis for optimum economic current density.
1000 series Al is a commercial high-purity aluminum with 61 percent conductivity. The tensile strength of each 1350 temper is determined by the amount of work given the metal during fabrication.
Bus Conductor Shapes
Choice of a bus conductor shape for a given installation is dependent on a number of factors, including operating voltage, ampacity requirements. available short circuit cur bus conductor design and applications rents, available space, mechanical strength requirements,ambient conditions of sun, wind, ice, etc.
The most common form of bus conductor is bar stock of rectangular cross section. This shape is inherently easy to fabricate, store, handle and erect. A relatively large surface area can be provided for the dissipation of heat by the use of multiple-bar buses. Joints and taps are readily made by either bolting or welding.Off-sets and 90-degree bends are easily made.For direct current, as well as for alternating current up to certain limits, the capacity of a bus constructed of flat bar can be controlled by merely varying the size of bars or number of bars in parallel. For high-amperage alternating current, however, special arrangements of laminations are used Because bars are mare rigid in the direction of the large cross-sectional axis, supports must be more closely spaced to resist load and short-circuit forces that are applied perpendicular to the wider surface.
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| How to calculate the weight of aluminum busbar ? |
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Posted by: aluhm - 02-06-2018, 06:27 AM - Forum: aluminium faq
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One of the FAQ of aluminum busbar is how to calculate it weight. While it is easy to calculate the weight of aluminum busbar.Namely imply multiply the appropriate alloy density by the length, width, and thickness of the required part . Take a piece of 10mm*100mm*3000mm aluminum busbar (1XXX series) as an example.
We know the density of pure aluminum is about 2.70g/cm
Weight=Metric density (g/cm³) x T x W x L
Example :
2.70g/cm³ x10mm (T)x 0.1m (W) x 3.0m (L) =8.1 kg
So the theoretical weight of piece of 10mm*100mm*3000mm aluminum busbar is 8.1 kg.
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| What are aluminum alloy foils for ring-pull cans |
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Posted by: askaluadmin - 02-06-2018, 05:58 AM - Forum: aluminium faq
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Cans are now the most commonly used beverage packaging pattern. Aluminum cans are mainly composed of three different components of aluminum alloy combination: 3004 aluminum alloy (for can stock) , 5052 aluminum alloy ( cover ) 5182 aluminum alloy( pull ring). Aluminum alloy is the key to the can.
Can body is mainly made of 3004 aluminum alloy. 3004 aluminum alloy is much like 3003 aluminum alloy.Its formability, solubility, corrosion resistance are good. It is widely used for processing products that require good forming performance, high corrosion resistance .As the aluminum itself has a good antioxidant, the aluminum can body can prevent the oxidation and corrosion caused by the carbonated drinks.
Can cover/cap is mainly made of 5052 aluminum alloy,and the ring -pull is 5182 aluminum alloy. 5052 alloy and 5182 alloy belong to Al-Mn alloy, They are of good corrosion resistance, weldability,and moderate strength.Besides,the cold workability is good.After polish treatment their surface is very smooth and bright. But compared with 5052 aluminum alloy, 5182 aluminum alloy’s magnesium content is higher, and added with a small amount of silicon, 5182 aluminum alloy’s weldability is better than that of 5052 aluminum alloy.Thus 5182 alloy is used for the ring- pull ,5052 aluminum alloy the cover/cap.
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| How to Calculate the Aluminum Sheet/coil/foil Price |
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Posted by: aluhm - 02-06-2018, 05:48 AM - Forum: aluminium faq
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Aluminum Sheet/coil/foil Price changes with the market,Here are some factors that influence prices.
1. Prices of Aluminum Ingots
Aluminum sheet/coil is made from aluminum ingots . Thus, the prices of aluminum ingots have a great influence to the price of aluminum sheet. We all know that price of aluminum ingots varies from day to day, thus, therefore, the prices of aluminum sheet/coil also varies day to day.
2. Processing Fee
prices of aluminum sheet are different if the alloy number is different. Even in the same series number, products with different tempers and specifications have different prices. Besides, even the same products may have different prices in different manufacturers. This has something to do with the production capacity, product quality as well as other fees.
3. Dlivery Freight
delivery is an important part in sale. The distance of destination, amount of goods and other factors can infect the final delivery fee. Thus, prices of aluminum sheet can also be infected.Meanwhile,the delivery freight is not fixed also.
Besides, other factors can also cause the difference of prices like exchange rate etc.
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| Properties and application of 5 Series marine aluminium alloys sheet and plate |
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Posted by: haomeialu - 02-05-2018, 07:34 AM - Forum: Knowledge & Technique
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Properties and application of 5 Series marine aluminium alloys sheet and plate
Marine aluminium alloys plate has special requirements for strength, corrosion resistance and weldability. Therefore, Al-Mg alloy, Al-Mg-Si alloy and Al-Zn-Mg alloy are often used in marine aluminium alloys plate.Among them, 5 Series Al-Mg alloy is the most widely used ship. Then, what are the characteristics of the 5 Series marine aluminium alloys sheet?
5456 marine grade aluminium alloys
The 5 series of aluminium alloys sheet for ships mainly have 5083, 5086, 5456 three kinds. Intergranular corrosion occurs in seawater of 6 series alloy, so the upper structure of ship is used more. Generally speaking, the 5 Series aluminium alloys plate for ships is the most widely used and most promising aluminum alloy product at present.
5083 marine aluminium alloys sheet
5083 aluminium alloys can be regarded as the representative product of 5 Series marine aluminium alloys plate. The state is O, H111, H112, H116, H321 and so on. 5083 marine grade aluminium alloys has moderate strength, good corrosion resistance, good formability and high fatigue resistance. It is generally used as the main structure of the ship. Others, such as 5052, 5086, 5454 and 5456, are also used in hull structures or pressure vessels, pipes, hulls and decks.
aluminium alloys sheet for ships
In general, the thickness of the marine aluminium alloys sheet is determined by the hull structure, ship specifications and the use of parts, from the view of hull lightweight, the sheet should be used as much as possible, but the corrosion depth of sheet metal should be taken into account during the service life. The plates usually used above 1.6mm and plates over 30mm should be considered. There are also some special specifications plates according to the shipyard contract. In order to avoid skidding, the deck is decorated with checkered plates.
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| A new type of sound absorption material aluminum foam for ships |
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Posted by: aluhm - 02-05-2018, 07:32 AM - Forum: Knowledge & Technique
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A new type of sound absorption material aluminum foam for ships
At present, the "quiet" communication has become an important performance indicators, vibration and noise reduction of ship become all machine research projects, including the use of sound-absorbing material noise control is an important method of noise reduction.
Marin grade aluminum foam manufacturing process is: first aluminum metal melt, then to the aluminum if the tackifier Ca, and stirring, the melt viscosity increases; when the melt reaches a certain viscosity, the blowing agent TiH2, and increase the stirring Speed to make it even dispersed; So that the foaming agent is dispersed, a large number of bubbles are generated in the melt; finally, the bubbles in the melt are retained in the melt by cooling and cooling to make a foamed aluminum for ships blank; and the marine grade foamed aluminum product is cut into a certain shape as required.
Marine grade aluminum foam has good sound absorption performance. As the incident wave frequency increases, the sound absorption coefficient increases, and the sound absorption coefficient at the high frequency end is larger than that at the low frequency end. However, the sound absorption coefficients fluctuate in different frequency bands.This is mainly because the pore structure of each aluminum foam for ships sample has a certain unevenness. When the sound waves are incident, the energy loss of the sound waves of different frequencies colliding with the pore walls is different. The multiple reflections and refractions The energy loss is also different, so its volatility than the homogeneous material to be more obvious. At the same time, it can be seen that the pore structure, thickness and compressibility of marine grade aluminum foam have obvious influence on the sound absorption performance.
Aluminum foam for ships has good thermal insulation properties, thermal conductivity is far lower than the marble, but also lower than the asbestos, and the thermal conductivity of marine grade aluminum foam is only 1/600 of unfoamed aluminum, compared with other metals is also very small. Although the thermal conductivity of foamed aluminum for ships increases with the increase of temperature, the change range is insignificant, which shows that the thermal insulation performance of marine grade foamed aluminum will decrease when the temperature rises, but it will not decrease significantly.
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| Quality inspection standard of aluminium alloys extruded tubes for ships |
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Posted by: aluhm - 02-05-2018, 07:31 AM - Forum: Knowledge & Technique
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Quality inspection standard of aluminium alloys extruded tubes for ships
1.Surface quality
the aluminium alloys extruded tubes surface does not allow cracks, corrosion exists.
the surface of the aluminium alloys extruded tubes from the skin, the bubble should be cleared, but the removal process should not make the aluminium alloys extruded tubes for ships diameter or wall thickness deviation beyond the allowable range.
marine grade aluminum alloys extruded tubes
Marine grade aluminium alloys extruded tubes surface of the bumps, scratches, scratches, pressure pit and other defects should not exceed the depth of aluminium alloys extruded tubes for ships diameter to allow negative deviation, and should not make marine grade aluminium alloys extruded tubes diameter or wall thickness deviation exceeds the allowable range.
Aluminum tubes surface straightening depth should not be greater than 0.5mm, and should not make aluminum tubes diameter or wall thickness deviation exceeds the allowable range.
Aluminum tubes surface allows the presence of oxidized color, not rough white and dark spots.
2.Low magnification organization
Aluminum tube on the low-volume tissue samples are not allowed to crack, shrink, stomata, bright grain exists, The depth of the layer on the low magnification of the aluminum tubes shall not exceed the allowable negative deviation of the pipe wall thickness and the wall thickness deviation of the aluminum tube shall not exceed the allowable range.
![[Image: marine_grade_aluminium_tubes.jpg]](http://www.marine-aluminum.com/uploads/171102/marine_grade_aluminium_tubes.jpg)
3.Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of aluminum tubes include tensile strength, specified non-proportional elongation strength, elongation at break and so on.
In addition, the extruded aluminum profiles inspection also includes ultrasonic testing, etc., by the supply and demand sides to agree on the inspection site and inspection level, and in the drawings or contracts sp
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| Inspection standard of aluminium alloys sheet and plate for ships |
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Posted by: 1-LVDCPN - 02-05-2018, 07:29 AM - Forum: Knowledge & Technique
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Inspection standard of aluminium alloys sheet and plate for ships
1. bending properties
In accordance with the requirements specified in the contract for aluminium alloys sheet for ships, the bending test should not occur in accordance with the prescribed bending radius.
2. exfoliation corrosion resistance
Exfoliation corrosion test of marine grade aluminum alloys sheet of 5XXX series H116 and H321.
Marine grade aluminium alloys sheet for 5XXX series H116 and H321 states. When the contract is marked as "hull plate outside the ship" or "direct contact with the sea for a long time", exfoliation corrosion test shall not appear PB grade exfoliation corrosion.
5083 aluminium alloys sheet for ships
7A19 grade T76 aluminium alloys sheet for ships shall not appear E grade exfoliation corrosion after exfoliation corrosion test.
3.Intergranular corrosion resistance
The maximum corrosion depth of intergranular corrosion of 5XXX H116 and H321 aluminum alloy plates is less than 3.
4. fold tissue
No delamination is allowed in aluminium alloys plate for ships with thickness of not less than 6.5mm.
5. microstructure
The microstructure of quenched marine grade aluminium alloys plate is not allowed to overheat.
marine aluminium alloys plate manufacturer
6. ultrasonic inspection
Aluminium alloys plate for ships generally does not carry on the ultrasonic flaw detection. For marine grade aluminium alloys plate with thickness greater than or equal to 10mm, if the buyer needs ultrasonic testing, it should be marked in the contract.
7. appearance quality
The surface of aluminium alloy sheet for ships should be smooth, smooth and well processed, and the edge of Chinese cabbage should be neat and without burr.
The marine grade aluminium alloys sheet surface cracks are not allowed, creases, nitrate marks, delamination, corrosion, oxidation inclusion, peeling, bubble, serious metal and nonmetal material or mechanical damage such as indentation defects affect the subsequent processing using live.
buy marine grade aluminum sheet and plate
Allow the plate surface does not affect the use, a slight dent, bumps, bruises, wounds, sticky marks, but the depth should not exceed the negative deviation of plate thickness allowed half, should not make the sheet thickness deviation beyond the allowable range.
On behalf of the consent of the user or user consent, allowed for the dressing of plate surface defects by machining or grinding, trimming depth shall not exceed the allowable thickness of negative deviation, and are not allowed to have any adverse effects on the material. Unless otherwise agreed, all repairs shall be carried out under the presence of customer or user representatives, and welding repair shall not be permitted.
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| Casting process of 6082 aluminium alloy profiles for ship |
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Posted by: 1-LVDCPN - 02-05-2018, 07:28 AM - Forum: Knowledge & Technique
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Casting process of 6082 aluminium alloy profiles for ship6082 marine aluminum alloy has medium strength, good corrosion resistance and light weight. It is an ideal material for manufacturing high speed ships. Our company has carried out the development of marine grade aluminum profiles this year, now the ship aluminum profiles casting, extrusion process test research and production practice is briefly introduced.
1. technical requirements
1.1 appearance
The surface has no cracks, delamination, corrosion, oxide inclusion, peeling, bubble and mechanical damage, and the edge is flat without burr.
1.2 mechanical properties
The tensile strength is more than 310MPa, the yield point is more than 250MPa, elongation is greater than or equal to 10|%.
6082 aluminium alloy profiles for ship
2. casting process
The casting temperature of 6082 marine aluminum alloy is higher (6063 than normal process), casting speed is low, water flow is too large, the above process should be strictly controlled, can not exceed the scope, otherwise it will lead to casting failure.
3.extrusion process
The deformation resistance of 6082 marine aluminum alloy is large, so the temperature of casting rod is upper limit, and the die temperature should be higher. In order to prevent shrink tail or bubble, oxide skin, impurities involved, the residual should be longer. 6082 marine aluminum alloy has high quenching sensitivity, and the alloy contains Mn, which promotes the formation of intragranular intermetallic compounds, which has an adverse effect on the quenching properties. It is required that the quenching temperature be reduced to less than 50 degrees by quenching with high strength and quick cooling temperature. Profile after sawing, framing should maintain a certain interval, can not be too dense emissions.
marine grade aluminum profiles
According to the characteristics and performance requirements of 6082 aluminium alloy profiles for ship, the above process is reasonable. The homogenization treatment, induction heating and the failure of profile quenching are the prerequisites to meet the product performance requirements. The strict control of process parameters is the guarantee of product quality. In the casting process, the reasonable collocation of casting temperature, velocity and cooling water flow is the key to ensure the casting quality; in extrusion process, the control of the extrusion outlet temperature is the key to ensure the product performance. The products manufactured by this process successfully passed the certification of Norway classification society, and met the needs of users.
![[Image: aluminum_alloy_profiles_for_ship.jpg]](http://www.marine-aluminum.com/uploads/171031/aluminum_alloy_profiles_for_ship.jpg)
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| Characteristics of marine grade aluminum alloys |
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Posted by: 1-LVDCPN - 02-05-2018, 07:26 AM - Forum: Knowledge & Technique
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Characteristics of marine grade aluminum alloy
n ship and marine facilities in the application of aluminum and aluminum alloy almost all materials, but the most used is: 5052, 5154, 5454, 5083, 5086, 5056, 6063, 6061, 6N01, 6082, 6025A, 1050, 1200, 3003, 3203, AC4A, AC4C and aluminum alloy deformation AC4CH AC7A, AC8A aluminum alloy casting. The main marine aluminum materials are: thick plate, sheet, strip, foil, pipe, bar, profile, integral extrusion, wallboard, casting, die casting, die forgings, etc.. The main attitude of the material are: O, H14, H112, H34, H32, H116, H117, H111, T1, T5, T6, T61, F, etc.. With the large scale of hull and the progress of extruded profiles for ship technology, the application of large timber is more and more extensive.
5052 marine grade aluminum plate sheet
The types of hull structures can be divided into three types: transverse framing, longitudinal framing and mixed framing. The end to end structure of aluminum alloy small fishing vessels, inland vessels and large ships is often a transverse framework, and longitudinal structures are often used in oil tankers and warships. The application of multi hull aluminum plate, profile and wide integrally extruded panel. In a long China manufacturing 60.8m, 1160t oil tanker, the following conditions: using aluminum hull longitudinal bulkhead sealing using corrugated plate thickness 9mm, transverse bulkhead with 7mm thick plate, forming 5 independent tanks; with Aluminum Alloy 9mm manufacturing ship deck thickness 12mm, thick plate 15mm. The hull structure is made of extruded profiles for ship, and the rear column is made of Al-12%Si alloy. Total dosage of aluminum 92t.
aluminium round flange for ships
At present, various types of ship superstructure and the upper device (mast, chimney, bridge, a lifting device, etc.) are more inclined to use marine grade aluminum alloys, while the upper structure in the most ideal is the large-scale aluminum extruded panel. However, in 1984 the British - Argentina Malvinas War, the British horse Freddy Shepherd destroyer was hit flying missiles, lit the fire of Babel, Aluminum Alloy bridge is burning soft, collapsed, causing people to think about making use of Aluminum Alloy ship superstructure. The Soviet Union made in the long 101.5m, displacement of 2960t, carrying 326 members and the speed of 30km/h Gil Giles Tan, an ocean liner, built by Aluminum Alloy superstructure, such as cockpit, masts, chimneys, shrouds, awning device and watertight door etc.. The marine aluminum materials used are 5.6mm and 8mm thick 5A05 alloy plates, 10mm and 14mm thick 5A06 alloy plates, 5A06 alloy round flat parts, and some marine aluminum alloy castings. The upper structure is riveted on the deck by 5A05 alloy rivets, and preventive measures against contact corrosion are taken. The superstructure is made of 100t aluminum, 50% lighter than steel, and 175t aluminum. The total mass of the ship is reduced by 12%, and the center of gravity of the center of gravity is increased by 15cm. The stability of the ship is obviously improved.![[Image: marine_grade_aluminum_alloys.jpg]](http://www.marine-aluminum.com/uploads/171030/marine_grade_aluminum_alloys.jpg)
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